Learning hub
Tutorials, reference material, and free tools for fire protection engineers
working with hydraulic calculations.
Principles of hydraulic calculations
Core concepts for fire sprinkler and water mist system design
The Importance of Reynolds Number in Fluid Mechanics: A Closer Look at the Equation
Water as an fire extinguishing agent
Fire sprinkler hydraulic calculations and design density
Water Velocity and limits for different design authorities
How to hydraulic calculate a fire sprinkler system
Understanding the Fire Triangle: The Three Elements of Fire
The fire triangle is a visual model that represents the three essential el...
Sprinkler K-Factor Formula for Fire Protection Hydraulic Calculations
The sprinkler K-factor formula shows how much water flows through a sprinkler or water mist nozzle...
Hydrostatics & Hydraulic Calculations Guide
Glossary of hydraulics for fire protection
Online calculators
Free tools — no login required
K-Factor Calculator
Free online K‑factor calculator allows fire sprinkler and water mist design engineers to quickly calculate flow rate, pressure, or K‑factor for sprinkler heads and nozzles
Hazen-Williams Calculator
Hazen-Williams calculator, which you can use to calculate the pressure loss in a pipe
Pipe Velocity Calculator
Looking to calculate the velocity in a pipe or determine the diameter of a pipe
Pressure & Flow Unit Converter
Free online calculators allow you to convert between the pressure and flow rate units
Reference & downloads
Useful documents, data tables, and lookups
Off the Main Track
Articles that don’t fit the usual categories, but are still worth your time
Scottsdale's Mandatory Sprinkler Ordinance: What Four Decades of Real-World Data Tell Us About Automatic Fire Suppression
The City of Scottsdale, Arizona, passed the world's most closely studied mandatory residential...
The Complete History of Fire Sprinklers: From 1812 to Modern Systems
